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Such actions can involve multiple areas including development of human capital, critical infrastructure, regional competitiveness, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, health, safety, literacy, and other initiatives. Economic development can also be referred to as the quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy. In every city, a part of the city tertiary activities are meant for its own population, but a second and perhaps more significant part exists for the benefits of the people in the city’s hinterland.Įconomic development generally refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policymakers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area. The growth of tertiary activities in a city contributes in a direct way to city growth. It is often thought that the earliest cities developed as parasites thriving on the surplus food produced in the rural hinterland. The earliest cities of the world came into existence essentially in order to provide tertiary services to their hinterland. Tertiary production and urbanization: From ancient times, tertiary services have played a major role in the urbanization process. Related: Greenfield Development, Benefits of Living in Cities All these factors increase the density of population in the cities. In that way, a wage laborer is better off in migrating to a big city rather than a small city, where (big city) he is likely to be more fully employed. In big cities, one may switch from one employer to another in case of need or any other reason since there is a wide choice. Most businesses are subject to fluctuations. Industrialization leads to urbanization but not vice versa.Economies of scale and cost of transportation cause concentration of production and people in a specific location.from which profit is earned by the producer. Also, there are ready availability of inputs like skilled labor, repair services etc.Much of manufacturing is cheaper when produced on a large-scale because of the economies of scale. The relative importance of manufacturing and services the does not just characterize an urban settlement but more importantly, by a high density of population.Economic growth results in the shift in demand and therefore to a reallocation of resources –land, labor, and capital- out of agriculture into manufacturing and services.The level of urbanization is considered as an index of economic development.Related: What is Population Pyramid, What is population dynamics?, What is Population Geography Various characteristics of urban growth or urbanization: A.

Urban growth leads to urbanization which in turn leads to some changes such as. These are cheaper if produced in the urban sector because all provisions for providing these goods are available here. These goods are not heavily land dependent. As the economy develops, there is an increase in per capita income and also demand for non-farm goods in the marketplace. Urbanization is an integral part of economic development.

With the rise in urbanization mostly seen as population explosion, some events like rapid population growth because of natural increase, migration from rural areas to urban areas, classification of the rural regions as towns because of the changing demographic character of the rural regions pose a challenge.

These problems are visible in most of the cities in India. Another challenge is the inability of social and physical infrastructure to grow at par with the urban growth resulting in deterioration of the quality of urban life.

Other challenges are the small growth of formal employment resulting in the growth of the urban informal sector, urban unemployment, and underemployment.